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of experience, by which this world of ours may differ from any other possible world, it is distinguished, in its name also, from the physico-theological proof, which employs as ELFWFCU arguments, observations of the peculiar property of this our world of sense. The proof then proceeds as 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 follows: The necessary Being can be determined in one way only, that is, by one only of all possible opposite predicates; it must therefore be SBUXTT determined completely by its own concept. Now, there 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 is only one concept of a thing possible, which a priori completely determines it, namely, that JRKCSKKO of the ens realissimum. It 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 follows, therefore, that the concept of the ens realissimum is the only one by which TWBNCP a necessary Being can be 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 thought, and therefore it is concluded [606] that a highest Being exists by necessity. 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 There are so many sophistical CBSTFEYEM propositions in this cosmological argument, that it really 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 seems as if speculative reason had spent all her dialectical skill BYFFUFYQO in order to produce the greatest possible transcendental illusion. Before TDQOPBDJA examining it, we shall draw up 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 a list of them, by which reason has put forward an old argument disguised as a new one, in order to appeal to the agreement of two witnesses, one supplied by pure reason, the other by experience, while in reality there is only GAEVE one, namely, the first, who changes his dress and voice in order to be taken for a second. In order to have a secure foundation, this proof takes its stand on experience, and GQXNXWS pretends KBRPGOWFF to be 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 different from the ontological proof, 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 which places its 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 whole MYIFQY confidence in pure concepts a priori only. The cosmological proof, however, uses that experience only in order to make one step, namely, to the existence of a necessary Being in [489] general. What properties that Being 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 may have, can never be learnt from the empirical argument, and for that JTKJDK purpose reason takes leave of it altogether, and tries to find 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 out, from among concepts only, what properties an absolutely necessary Being ought to 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 possess, i.e. which among all possible things QBOWU contains in itself MMSMFD the requisite [607] conditions (requisita) of absolute necessity. This requisite is believed by reason to exist in the concept of an ens realissimum only, and 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 reason concludes at once that this must be the absolutely necessary being. in this conclusion it is simply hiumed that the concept of a being of the highest reality is perfectly adequate to the PAUVOR concept of absolute necessity in existence; so that thelatter might DUGFFMV be concluded from theformer. This is the same proposition as that maintained in the ontological GXPTHU argument, and is simply taken over into the cosmological proof, nay, made its foundation, although the intention was to avoid it. For it is clear that absolute necessity is an existence from mere concepts. If, then, I say that the concept of the ens realissimum is such a concept, EAYVYT and is the only concept adequate to necessary existence, I am bound to KMMW admit that the latter may be deduced from 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 the former. The whole conclusive strength of the so-called cosmological proof rests therefore in reality on the ontological proof from mere concepts, while the appeal 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 to experience is . |
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