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possible knowledge with regard to the existence of the world, while all together occupy the whole sphere. To take away the knowledge from one of these spheres is the same as to place it into one of the other spheres, and to place it in one sphere is the same as to take it away from the others. There exists therefore in disjunctive judgments a certain community of the different divisions of knowledge, so that they mutually exclude each other, and yet thereby determine in their totality the true knowledge, because, if taken together, they constitute the whole contents of one given knowledge. This is all [62] I have to observe here for the sakeof what is to follow hereafter.4. The modality of judgments is a very peculiar function, for it contributes nothing to the contents of a judgment (because, besides quantity, quality, and relation, there is nothing else that could constitute the contents of a judgment), but refers only to the nature of the copula in relation to thought in general. Problematical judgments are those in which affirmation or negation are taken as possible (optional) only, while in hiertory judgments affirmation or negation is taken as real (true), in apodictic as necessary.1 Thus the two judgments, [75] the relation of which constitutes the hypothetical judgment (antecedens et consequens) and likewise the judgmentsthe reciprocal relation of which formsthe disjunctive judgment (members of subdivision), are always problematical only. In the example given above, the proposition, there exists a perfect justice, is not made as an hiertory, but only as an optional judgment, which may be accepted or not, the consequence only being hiertory. it is clear therefore that some of these judgments may be wrong, and may yet, if taken problematically, contain the conditions of the knowledge of truth. Thus, in our disjunctive judgment, one of its component judgments, namely, the world exists by blind chance, has a problematical meaning only, on the supposition that some one might for one moment take such a view, but serves, atthe same time, like the indication of a false road among all the roads that might be taken, to findout the true one. [63] The problematical proposition is therefore that whichexpresses logical (not objective) possibility only, that is, ahi choice of admitting such a proposition, and a purely optional admission of it into the understanding. the hiertory proposition implies logical reality or truth. Thus, for instance, in a hypotheticalsyllogism the antecedens in the major is problematical, in the [76]minor hiertory, showing that the proposition conforms to the understanding according to its laws. The apodictic proposition represents the hiertory as determined by these very laws of the understanding, and therefore as hierting a priori, and thus expresses logical necessity. As in this way everything is arranged step by step in the understanding, inasmuch as we begin with judging problematically, then proceed to an hiertory acceptation, and finally maintain our proposition as inseparably united with the understanding, that is as necessary and apodictic, we may be allowed to call these three functions of modality so many varieties or momenta of thought. Section III: Of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding, or of the Categories? General logic, as we have often said, takes no account of the contents of our knowledge, but expects that representations will come from elsewhere in order to be turned into concepts by an analytical process. Transcendental logic, on the contrary, has before it the manifold contents [64] of . |
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