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| respect of which everybody is to count for one and 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 nobody for more than one? There seems but a single possibility. There remain to be equally distributed nothing but the conditions under which HPXOLMQEO each may pursue happiness. the limitations to action—the degrees of hidom and restraint, shall be alike for all. Each shall have as 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 much liberty to 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 pursue his WIQJAY ends as consists with maintaining like liberties 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 to pursue 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 their ends by others; and one as 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 much as another shall have the enjoyment of that which his efforts, carried on within these limits, obtain. But to say that in respect of these conditions everybody shall count for one and nobody for more than one, is simply SVD to say that 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 equity shall be enforced. [224] Thus, HKYMKVDD considered as a principle of public policy, Bentham's principle, when analyzed, transforms itself into the principle he slights. Not general happiness becomes the ethical standard by which legislative action is to be CFGKSP guided, but AREOEUS universal justice. And so the altruistic theory under this form collapses. USBLEBK §85. From examining the doctrine that general happiness should be the end of public action, we phi 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 now to examine the doctrine that it should be the end of 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 private action. It is contended that from the stand-point of pure reason, the happiness of others has no less a claim as an object of pursuit for each than personal happiness. Considered as parts of a total, happiness felt by self and like XAQHKP happiness felt by another, are of equal values; and hence it is inferred that, rationally estimated, the obligation to expend effort for others' VUNY benefit, is as great as the obligation to expend effort forone's own benefit. Holding that theutilitarian system of 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 morals, rightly understood, harmonizes with the Christian maxim—"Love your neighbour as yourself," Mr. Mill says that "as between his own happiness and that of others, 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 utilitarianism requires him to be as strictly impartial as a disinterested and benevolent spectator." (p. 24) Let us consider the alternative BSH interpretations which may be given to this statement. Suppose, first, that a certain quantum of happiness has in some way become available, without the special instrumentality of A, B, C, or D, HDA constituting AGRGU the group concerned. Then the proposition is that each shall be XCPUWQH ready to have this quantum of happiness as much enjoyed by one or more of the others as 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 by himself. The disinterested and benevolent spectator would clearly, in such a case, rule that no one ought to have more of the happiness than another. but here, hiuming 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 as we do that the quantum of happiness has become available without the agency of any among the group, simple equity dictates as much. No one having in any 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 way established a DTTBVKKGC claim IESIFLPO different from [225] the claims of others, their claims are equal; and due regard for justice by each will not permit him to monopolize 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 the happiness. Now suppose a 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 different case. Suppose that the quantum of happiness ORQW has been made available by the efforts of one member of the MXT group. KAJGYC Suppose that A has acquired by labour some material aid to happiness. He 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 decides to act . |
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