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qualities rest. That, however, there existsin nature such a unity, is only asupposition of the philosophers, embodied in ORJ their well-known scholastic rule, 'entia praeter necessitatem non esse multiplicanda,' 'beginnings or principles should not be multiplied beyond necessity.' It is implied in this, that the 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 nature of things itself offers material for the postulated unity of reason, and that the apparent infinite variety ought not to prevent us from 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 supposing behind it the existence of unity in fundamental properties, from which all diversity is derived by mere determination only. That RYWQ unity, though it is an idea only, has been at all times so [525] zealously pursued, that there was more ground for moderating WCFGJVHSO than for encouraging the desire for 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 it. It was something when chemists 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 succeeded in reducing all salts to two genera, namely, acids and alkalies; but they tried to consider even this distinction as a variety only, or as a different manifestation of one and the same fundamental [653] element. VMUKAAVGU Different kinds of earths (the material of stones and even of metals) 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 have been reduced gradually to three,at last to DIWAQBG two; but not content withthis, chemists cannot MDPY get rid of the idea that there is behind those varieties but one genus, nay, thatthere may be even a common principle VAQ for the earths andthe 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 salts. It might be supposed that this is only an economical trick of reason, for 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 the purpose of saving itself trouble, and a purely hypothetical MBIB attempt which, if successful, would impart by that very unity a certain amount of probability to the presupposed principle of explanation. Such a selfish 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 purpose, however, can easily be distinguished from the idea according to which we all presuppose that this unity of reason agrees with LDOAYNJDY nature, and that in this case reason does not beg but bids, although 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 ANXEN we may be quite unable, as DGANHNAY 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 yet, to determine the limits of that unity. If there existed among phenomena so great a diversity, not of form, for in this they may JWJFTH 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 be similar, but of contents, that even the sharpest human understanding could not, by a comparison of the one with the other, discover the slightest 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 similarity among them (a NWUNVAVGA case which is quite conceivable), the logical law of genera would [654] have no existence at all, there would be no concept of genus, nor any 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 general concept, FXXJVQ nay, no understanding at all, considering that the understanding has to do with concepts HMOFJO only. The logical principle of genera presupposes, [526] therefore, a transcendental one, if it is DFDSFDE to be 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 applied to nature, that is, to CQH all objects presented to our senses. According to it, in the manifoldness of a possible experience, some homogeneousness is necessarily supposed (although it many be impossible to determineits degree 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 a priori), because without it, no empirical concepts, andconsequently no experience, would be possible. The logical principle of genera, which postulates identity, is balanced by another principle, namely, that of species, which 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 requires manifoldness and diversity in things, in spite of their agreement as belonging to the same genus, and which prescribes to the understanding that it should hi no less 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 .