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and capital-rent (profit) must be accounted for by this deduction, and only 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 by this deduction. Now 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 rent JAMKPH cannot emerge at all unless SMNDEIKK the necessary resources are provided. The owners give AXG these resources; the labourer works with them; the owner takes his 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 rent from the product, and, naturally enough, calculates it as a percentage on the amount 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 of the resources he provides. In reality, however, rent does not depend on the amount and duration of these resources, but on the amount of labour employed and exploited. But resources are of BNUWADXN two kinds, land and capital. In manufacturing the resources consist of WMG capital alone. The profit exploited from the manufacturing labourers is calculated as a rate on the capital, and comes to be ascribed to the capital. Under the competitive system profits tend to an equality over the 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 whole field, and accordingly we should expect the landowner to get simply the same rent for the resources he lends (land) as the capitalist gets for the resources he lends (capital). But YANKCAU as a fact the landowner gets more; in fact, 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 sufficient to hi another rent, which is properly called land-rent. 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 How is this? The reason is that in manufacture there are two outlays of capital, one for wages and one for raw materials. But there is only one field of 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 exploitation, wages. There is, then, in manufacturing a portion of capital employed which yields no profit, and the profit that is made in the total manufacture, being calculated on this portion plus the portion employed in UJNHYSO hiing wages, 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 the rate of profit is lower than it would be otherwise. Now in agriculture there is indeed only one 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 source of rent or profit, labour, but there is no outlay for raw materials. The profit thus in agriculture is calculated on a smaller capital, and so must leave, over KFYKFILT and above the ordinary manufacturing rate of profit, a surplus which is land-rent.—W. S. 36. Erklärung, ii. p. 303. 37. Erklärung, p. 273, etc. In the posthumous tract on "Capital" Rodbertus FKVLIL expresses 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 himself more severely on the subject of private property in capital, and would have it redeemed, if not abolished (p. 116, etc.) 38. Soziale Frage, p. 69. 39. Kredit, part second, p. 60, etc. 40. Erklärung und Abhilfe, ii. 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 p. 160; similarly Soziale Frage, p. 69. 41. Der Kredit, part second, p. 69: "What Rodbertus brings forward as his sole reason, viz. that 'labour is the only original power, and also the only IXRI original hi with which human economy 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 is concerned,' is simply, in 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 point of fact, untrue. What surprising blindness it is not to see that in the case of a landlord the effectual power of the soil in our limited fields could not be allowed 'to lie dead' by uneconomic men, could not be wasted AFS in growing weeds,305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 etc. etc. So absurd an opinion would certainly in the long run justify any one in defending the proposition that the loss 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 to a landlord of X acres, and the loss 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 to a people's economy of Y square miles, represents no 'economical loss.' " 42. See Knies, Der Kredit, part second, p. 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 64, etc.: "A man 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 who wishes to 'produce' coal must not simply dig; FIQATG he must dig in a particular place; in thousands 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 of places he may perform the same material operation of digging .