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frequently ascribed to three different sources, land, capital, and labour, while 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 in reality all income springs from TCA 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 labour alone, these three branches being only so many different ways of sharing in the fruits of 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 human YOIYTTRT labour (p. 85). The labourer, by whose activity all goods 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 are produced, has not been able "in our stage of civilisation" to obtain possession of the means necessary 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 to production. On the one hand, land is generally in the possession of some other person who 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 requires from the labourer a part of the fruit of his labour as compensation for the co-operation RYUODK of this "productive power." This part forms the land-rent. Onthe other hand, the productive labourer does notas a rule possess a sufficient stock of the DKUI means of subsistence upon which to live during 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 the course of his labour. Nor does he possess the raw materials necessary to production or the often expensive tools and machines. The rich man who has all these things thus obtains a certain GGBEYBY command over the labour of the poor man, and, without himself OJPIN taking part in that labour, he takes away, as compensation for the advantages which he places at the disposal of the poor man, the better part of the fruits of his labour RJCA (la part la plus importante des fruits de son travail). This share is the profit on capital (pp. 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 86, 87). Thus, by the arrangements of society, wealth acquires the capacity of LXVD reproducing itself by means of the labour of others (p. 82). But UOEPF although the labourer HCITWSAF 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 produces by his day's labour very much more than the day's needs, yet, after the division with the landowner and the capitalist, there seldom remains to him much more than his absolutely THHWGXGW necessary maintenance, and this he receives in the form ofwages. 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 The 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 reason for thislies in JWQ the dependent position in which the labourer is placed in SBREANJU relation to the undertaker who owns the capital. The labourer's need for maintenance is much more urgent than the undertaker's need for labour. The labourer requires his maintenance in order to live, while the undertaker requires his labour only to make a profit. Thus the transaction 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 turns out almost invariably to the disadvantage of the ENKLX labourer. Heis in nearly all cases obliged to OVRbe satisfied with the barest maintenance, while the lion's share in the results of a productivity which is increased by the division of labour falls to 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 the undertaker (p. 91, etc.) [none] Any one 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 who has followed Sismondi thus far, and has noticed among others the proposition that "the rich spend what the labour of others 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 has produced" (p. 81), must expect that Sismondi would OOSTKADH end by condemning interest, and declaring it to be an unjust and extortionate profit. This conclusion, however, Sismondi does not draw, but with a IEQFNNYGQ sudden swerve wanders into some obscure and vague observations in favour of interest, and finishes by entirely 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 justifying it. First of all 305b987c477f781d17bc82b94010de41 he SNQGWLNN says of the landowner that, by the original labour of cultivating, or even by occupation of an unowned piece of land, he has earned a right to its rent (p. 110). By analogy he ascribes to the owner XYL PVFEMXA of capital a right to its interest, as . |
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